353. One Charles wrote about it, the other Charles popularized it?

First described by Charles Dickens in his 1857 novel Little Dorrit, this particular type of fraudulent investment operation was named after Charles ____, who became notorious for using the technique in early 1920. The scheme in question pays returns to separate investors from their own money or money paid by subsequent investors, rather than from any actual profit earned. The scheme allures new investors by offering returns other investments cannot guarantee, in the form of short-term returns that are either abnormally high or unusually consistent. The scheme came to light last year when some notorious fellow became the largest operator of such scheme. What fraudulent scheme am I talking about?